Publications List

Exequatur in Spain: Recognition and Enforcement of Non-EU Judgements

Obtaining a favourable judgment outside the EU is only the first step. To recover a debt or enforce rights in Spain, foreign court decisions must undergo exequatur proceedings before Spanish courts. This guide explains the legal framework, the competent court and key enforcement requirements.

Legal treatment of real estate assets in Spanish insolvency

Real estate assets play a pivotal role in Spanish insolvency proceedings. Their valuation, legal treatment, and strategic use have a direct impact on creditor recovery and the viability of restructuring. Understanding their regime is essential for investors and companies facing financial distress in Spain.

Standard terms and conditions in B2B contracts: incorporation test and enforceability

Standard terms and conditions are widely used to streamline B2B contracting. However, under Spanish law, they are not automatically enforceable. To be legally binding, they must pass the incorporation test, ensuring that the counterparty had a real opportunity to review them and that the clauses are clear and understandable, in line with Law 7/1998.