Publications List

Initial Coin Offering (ICO) in Spain

ICOs offer revolutionary and flexible corporate financing ways to technology start-ups. Even though ICOs increase entrepreneur independence, they bear investor risks. Various legislations in Spain must ‘be taken into account when emitting tokens.

Company formation in Spain: SA vs SL

The main differences between the Spanish public limited liability company (SA or Sociedad Anónima) and the limited liability company (SL or Sociedad Limitada) are in terms of minimum capital stock, payment upon formation, transfer of shares or stakes or contributions to the share capital, among others.

Contractual guarantees in Spain: the personal guarantee

Personal guarantees include personal securities, which can be characterized as an ancillary obligation, since it depends on the main obligation, and as a subsidiary obligation as well, in that only if the principal debtor fails to comply is it possible to demand payment of the debt from the guarantor.

Debt prevention measures in Spain

A debtor’s default or delay is established if the debtor cannot satisfy his obligation to pay after receiving an overdue notice. At the time of contraction, companies in Spain can take preventive steps to deter defaults from the outset and to improve their legal position in a legal dispute.