In international transactions, a common concern is determining the applicable law for a sales contract involving parties from different countries. Unfortunately, many international agreements lack a crucial element known as a choice of law provision. The absence of this clause can lead to unforeseen complications, particularly in the realm of debt collection, causing challenges for both parties.
Spain’s competition defense is governed by Law 15/2007, enacted on July 3, which revamped the system and created the National Commission of Competition. Effective from September 1, 2007, the law emphasizes procedural aspects, especially the Clemency Program, providing exemption and fine reduction for companies collaborating against cartels.
Act No 29/09 integrates EU Directive 2005/29/EC on unfair commercial practices and Directive 2006/114/EC on deceptive and comparative advertising into Spanish law. This incorporation, effective since January 2010, brings substantial changes to the Unfair Competition Act, General Advertising Act, Consumer Protection Act, and other related legislation, including the Retail Trade Organization Act.
In recent years, Spain has witnessed a surge in leveraged buy-outs (LBOs), where a majority share of a target company is acquired using loans guaranteed by its assets or repaid through its cash flows. In some cases, the acquisition cost is deferred and paid by the target company itself, often through a merger with a special purpose vehicle created by the investor. This strategy shifts the burden of the acquisition cost to the target company.
This article will provide a practical analysis regarding the possibility of claiming defects in goods acquired through international sales contracts. Before developing these issues, first is an examination of the …
On June 16, the Government of Spain passed Royal Decree-Law 10/2010, with urgent measures for reforming the labour market. This is a reform that has been developing over the last …
We are currently in an economic stage of globalization and the internationalization of trade relations. Within this period, the increasing complexity of transactions and the current economic crisis are contributing …
Asset seizure, or attachment, is a process that enables creditors to collect from delinquent debtors by looking to their assets, including property, goods, and/or earnings. There are two principal types …
Gehrlicher Solar España, the fully owned Spanish subsidiary of the German solar technology group Gehrlicher, is planning to buy licences and projects in the solar energy sector, managing director Guillermo …
Trade Agreements in General In Spain, like in many other countries of the European Union, the party autonomy, which ensures the contractual freedom of the parties is one of the …
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