Company formation in Spain: SA vs SL

The main differences between the Spanish public limited liability company (SA or Sociedad Anónima) and the limited liability company (SL or Sociedad Limitada) are in terms of minimum capital stock, payment upon formation, transfer of shares or stakes or contributions to the share capital, among others.

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Enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in Spain

Law on Arbitration 60/2013 guarantees that the foreign arbitral award will be recognised and performed in Spain. Nevertheless, issues may arise and thus national jurisdictions may oppose the recognition and performance of foreign arbitral awards. 

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Regulatory regime applicable to consumer loans in Spain

Consumer loans in Spain are monitored by government regulatory agencies for their compliance with consumer protection regulation. The Bank of Spain (together with the Spanish National Securities Exchange Commission) is the government body that exercises general supervisory powers over domestic credit institutions.

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Agreements not included under the CCA in Spain

When considering whether an exemption applies to a consumer credit agreement (which would take the agreement outside the scope of regulation of the CCA), care must be taken to consider the precise terms of the relevant exemption.

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